Diagnosis banding leptospirosis pdf

Leptospirosis has been thought to most commonly affect youngadult, large. Leptospirosis is an infectious disease of humans and animals that is caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus leptospira see the image below. The epidemiology, microbiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of leptospirosis will be presented here. Leptospirosis ikterik dapat di diagnosis banding dengan malaria falcifarum berat.

Until now, testing options for diagnosing canine leptospirosis have had prolonged turnaround times and high costs, resulting in delayed diagnosis or antibiotic trial therapy. Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria. Lethargy and hematuria were the principal clinical signs in some outbreaks. Leptospirosis leptospira interrogans is a spirochete infection that occurs worldwide except in polar regions. Diagnosing and managing canine leptospirosis diagnostic update. A presumptive case was identified as symptoms consistent with leptospirosis and presence of igm antibodies. Leptospirosis anikterik dapat di diagnosis banding dengan influenza, demam berdarah dengue, malaria, pielonefritis, meningitis aseptik viral, keracunan makananbahan kimia, demam tifoid, demam enterik. Human leptospirosis results from contact with water, soil and food contaminated with the urine of leptospiruric rats, dogs, pigs and other animals. Leptospirosis is a blood infection caused by the bacteria leptospira. Diagnosing and managing canine leptospirosis diagnostic. Diagnosis leptospirosis harus dipikirkan pada semua kasus demam dengan anamnesis.

Microscopic agglutination test mat is laborious mat, described by martin and pettit is the most widely used reference method for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis. Leptospirosis fact sheet for clinicians background leptospirosis is a disease that is caused by spirochete bacteria in the genus leptospira. Menurut data yang ada, keterlambatan diagnosis penyakit leptospirosis disebabkan. Pcr negative urine and blood elisa positive leptospirosis diagnosed, suspect present since october. Evaluation of snap lepto in the diagnosis of leptospirosis. The benefit of antibiotics after the fifth day of the disease is controversial. Pcr was found to be the most sensitive test for diagnosis of leptospirosis during the initial phase of. Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that usually occurs during the flood and is generally transmitted. What is the role of imaging studies in the diagnosis of.

Diagnosis banding rinitis alergi perlu dibedakan dengan rinitis vasomotor, rinitis akut infeksiosa, rinitis sekunder dari obatobatan baik. Seluruh kriteria di atas untuk dbd disertai kegagalan sirkulasi dengan manifestasi nadi yang cepat dan lemah, tekanan darah turun. Diagnosis of acute canine leptospirosis using multiple. Abstract different serovars of pathogenic leptospira interrogans are responsible for leptospirosis, a bacterial zoonosis of worldwide dimensions. Leptospirosis during pregnancy can cause fetal complications including fetal death or abortion. Utility of quantitative polymerase chain reaction in leptospirosis diagnosis. The treatment and prevention of this disease are discussed separately. Penyakit ini dapat berjangkit pada lakilaki atau perempuan semua umur.

Diagnosis of leptospirosis is dependant on a good clinical and vaccination history and the availability of diagnostic testing at a laboratory with experience in the diagnosis of leptospirosis. Leptospirosis is a significant problem among farmed deer in new zealand, particularly animals less than a year of age. Weils disease, the acute, severe form of leptospirosis, causes the infected individual to become jaundiced skin and eyes become yellow, develop kidney failure, and bleed. Signs and symptoms can range from none to mild headaches, muscle pains, and fevers to severe bleeding in the lungs or meningitis. Diagnosis of leptospirosis was made according to the modified. The flulike illness that characterizes mild cases may resemble a benign viral syndrome, while more severe cases may resemble meningitis or sepsis. Utility of modified faines criteria in diagnosis of.

Mengenal dan melakukan diagnosis dan tata laksana leptospirosis serta komplikasinya. The clinical diagnosis is difficult where diseases with symptoms similar to those of leptospirosis occur frequently. Symptoms of leptospirosis can develop anywhere from 2 days to 4 weeks after being exposed to the bacteria. However, plate elisa is unfit for the routine field level diagnosis. Evaluation of the indirect hemagglutination assay for. It passes from animals to humans through contaminated water, often in tropical areas. Pdf guidelines for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis. Mat tests used for diagnosis of human leptospirosis generally include a larger panel of serovars 20 than those used for veterinary diagnostic testing 57 serovars. It is endemic in the tropical urban areas including our country, where. Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction in early diagnosis. Patient in this cases was diagnosed jaundice ec suspect leptospirosis. Leptospirosis also known as weils disease, grippotyphosa, and canicola is a disease caused by bacteria leptospira interrogans that produce a wide range of symptoms that may occur in two phases. Bolin, dvm, phd l eptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by infection with the spirochete bacterium leptospira intetragons.

It can lead to potentially fatal infections of the kidney, liver, brain, lung or heart. Laboratory manual iii leptospirosis is an important public health problem of india. Proses penegakan diagnosis leptospirosis dapat dilakukan melalui gejala, riwayat penyakit pasien, serta pemeriksaan fisik. Drinking or contact with water such as by swimming, rafting or kayaking or soil that has been contaminated by urine or body fluids of infected animals. The definitive serologic assay, the microscopic agglutination test mat, requires paired sera and is not useful for guiding early clinical management. Negative report issued after 6 weeks of incubation. Leptospira interrogans an overview sciencedirect topics. Coordination between the diagnostic laboratory and the veterinarian is required to maximize the chances of making an accurate diagnosis. Clinical description and recommended case definition. Mat assays for canine leptospirosis should include serovars known to be circulating in the local dog population, although this information is not always readily available.

Pdf leptospirosis adalah penyakit zoonosis yang disebabkan oleh infeksi dari spesies leptospira, famili leprospiraceae ordo spirochaetales yang. Pengertian leptospirosis adalah suatu penyakit zoonosis yang disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme, yaitu leptospira tanpa memandang bentuk spesifik serotipnya. The organism survives best in warm, humid conditions and is most common in the tropics and subtropics, with many wild and domestic animal reservoirs. Leptospirosis fact sheet resources leptospirosis cdc. Other signs included jaundice, photosensitization, corneal opacity, anemia and poor weight gain. Ikterus memudar lalu menghilang, tekanan darah kembali normal, dan produksi urine kembali normal. Proceedings of the 33rd world small animal veterinary.

There are 10 pathogenic species, and more than 250 pathogenic serovars. However, an apparently identical syndrome occurring in sewer workers was described several years earlier 337, 338. The only screening test approved for use in the united states, the indirect hemagglutination assay iha, has not undergone extensive field evaluation. While leptospirosis occurs worldwide, it is more common in tropical or subtropical climates. Pdf leptospirosis adalah penyakit zoonosis yang disebabkan oleh infeksi dari spesies leptospira. Diagnosis is divided into suspected, probable, and confirmed. Leptospirosis gejala, penyebab dan mengobati alodokter. Diagnosis banding perlu dipertimbangkan bilamana terdapat kesesuaian klinis dengan demam tiroid, campak, influenza, chikungunya dan leptospirosis. Leptospirosis adalah penyakit infeksi pada hewan mamalia dan juga dapat menular pada manusia yang. Leptospirosis is a potentially fatal bacterial infection that can cause severe complications. Diagnosis banding leptospirosis anikterik harus mencakup penyakitpenyakit infeksi virus seperti influenza, hiv serocon version, infeksi dengue, infeksi hanta virus, hepatitis virus, infeksi mononukleosis dan juga infeksi bakterial atau parasitik seperti demam tifoid, bruselosis, riketsiosis dan malaria.

Leptospirosis ringan mempunyai diagnosis banding meliputi. Recently there has been frequent resurgence of this malady coinciding with the natural calamity. The pcr was positive in 522 confirmed leptospirosis cases. Laboratory diagnosis of leptospirosis ahmad sn, shah s, ahmad fmh metropolis health abstractabstract services india pvt ltd, leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by pathogenic leptospira species, for which humans are accidental indian army, mumbai, india hosts. Leptospirosis berat ikterik bentuk leptospirosis yang berat ini pada mulanya dikatakan sebagai leptospira ichterohaemorrhagiae, tetapi ternyata dapat terlihat pada setiap. Among patients with severe pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome. For example, the actual incidence of leptospirosis in the asia pacific region is not well documented 9 and leptospirosis is often underestimated. In spite of considerable advances in the management of this condition, timely and accurate diagnosis is often dif. Leptospirosis is a rare bacterial infection we get from animals. Background leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease of worldwide significance, is caused by spirochetes of the genus leptospira.

Timely diagnosis of leptospirosis is important to ensure a favorable clinical outcome. The case fatality rate for leptospirosis is approximately 5%15% among patients with severe illness. Leptospirosis adalah penyakit infeksi bakteri akibat leptospira melalui urin tikus, air atau lumpur yang terkontaminasi. Should confirm b mat turn around time we immediately inform ward by telephone, when growth is present. Selain itu, beberapa tes penunjang juga dapat dilakukan untuk membantu memastikan diagnosis leptospirosis dan mengetahui tingkat keparahan yang dialami pasien. The differential diagnosis of leptospirosis is confoundingly broad.

The bacterial infection is spread by the urine of infected animals from many species, both. A definitive case was classified based on the who lerg report, by symptoms consistent with leptospirosis and a single mat titre. Treatment with effective antibiotics should be initiated as soon as the diagnosis of leptospirosis is suspected and preferably before the fifth day after the onset of illness. It is considered the most common zoonosis in the world and is associated with rodents in settings of poor sanitation, agricultural occupations, and increasingly adventure sports or races involving fresh water, mud, or soil exposure. Banyak ditemui didaerah tropis, dan biasanya penyakit ini juga dikenal dengan berbagai nama seperti mud fever, slime fever, swamp fever, autumnal fever, infectious. The reported incidence of leptospirosis reflects the availability of laboratory diagnosis and the clinical index of suspicion as much as the incidence of the disease. Dengue, in particular, and chikungunya often overlap in territory with leptospirosis, and more than one infection may be present. Its spread through their urine, especially from dogs, rodents, and farm animals. Diagnosis dan tatalaksana leptospirosis rp2u unsyiah. A suspected diagnosis of leptospirosis was defined based on the wholerg epidemiological criteria, i.